Regulatory and Classification Framework

7.1 International regulation (IMO / EMSA)

The IMO has conducted a MASS regulatory scoping exercise, examining how existing instruments should apply to degrees of autonomy and identifying gaps. A MASS Code with a target completion date of 2025 is on the MSC agenda.

7.2 Classification (DNV and others)

DNV provides a widely used framework through:

• DNVGL-CG-0264: A class guideline defining principles for approval of novel autonomous and remote-controlled designs.
• AROS class notations: A family of additional class notations (effective from 1 January 2025) that define functional requirements for autoremote vessels. They provide a building-block approach to align with the future MASS Code.

For ferry projects, AROS offers a structured way to certify auto-crossing, auto-docking and supervised autonomy while maintaining at least equivalent safety.

7.3 National context and test areas

Norway has established test areas such as Trondheimsfjorden and developed a portfolio of MASS projects approved through case-by-case exemptions. The Lavik-Oppedal ferries will be part of this evolving regime.